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Ernest
Jones, “The Oedipus-Complex as an Explanation of Hamlet's Mystery: A Study in
Motive” (The American Journal of
Psychology, 1910) |
A.C. Bradley, “Hamlet” from Shakespearean Tragedy (1904) pp.
89-128 |
A.W. Schlegel, “Lectures on Dramatic Art and
Literature” (1809) |
S.T.
Coleridge, “Lectures and Notes on Shakespeare and Other English Poets”
(1818) |
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Extended
Introduction: rebutting previous theories: |
Extended
Introduction: rebutting previous theories |
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Cowardly Hamlet (4): the pure Goethe school;
Rebuttal (6) |
External Difficulties (3):
Hamlet wanted public
justice. (3) Rebuttal
(4-5) |
THESIS:
Thought Sick Hamlet : “a calculating
consideration, which exhausts all the relations and possible consequences
of a deed, must cripple the power of acting” (1) |
THESIS: Thought Sick Hamlet: “Hamlet is brave and careless of death; but he vacillates from sensibility, and
procrastinates from thought, and loses the power of action in the energy
of resolve.” (1) |
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Political
Hamlet (6): Hamlet must not only slay
Claudius but convict him of the
crime in the eyes of the nation; Rebuttal (8) |
Ethical
Hamlet (5): Hamlet was restrained by conscience or a moral scruple. Rebuttal (5) |
Rebuttal of the Goethe thesis (in
Schlegel’s analysis, the Ethical
Hamlet.): “his far-fetched scruples are often
mere pretexts to cover his want of
determination” (2) |
“He mistakes the seeing of his chains for the breaking them, delays
action till action is of no use, and dies the victim of mere circumstance and
accident.” (2) |
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It
is more likely that Hamlet
is paralyzed (10): Disgust with a special feature of
the task? |
Moral
repulsion to the deed (6):
in the depths of his nature, and unknown to himself: Rebuttal |
Rebuttal of the Moral repulsion thesis: “he is too much overwhelmed with his own sorrow to have any compassion
to spare for others…” (2) |
Hamlet’s
wordplay: (in Iii): “Seems, madam? nay I know not ‘seems’” : “his habit of brooding over the world within him … with...
words, which are the half embodyings of thought .” |
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Is it moral disgust? Ethical Hamlet (10): Hamlet gravely
doubted the moral legitimacy of
revenge; Rebuttal |
Cowardly
Hamlet: the sentimental view (7):the Goethe
school; Rebuttal |
Conclusion: Shakespeare as religious
skeptic: “The destiny of humanity… a
gigantic Sphinx, which threatens to precipitate into the abyss of scepticism
all who are unable to solve her dreadful enigmas.” (2) |
Hamlet’s
reaction to seeing the Ghost (I.iv): “cunning
bravado, bordering on the flights of delirium…. pretending to act only when
he is very near really being what he acts.” |
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Some other special cause of repugnance of which he was unaware (11)? |
Thought Sick Hamlet
(9): the Coleridge and Schlegel
theory; Rebuttal |
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Hamlet’s reaction to The Mousetrap:
“The utmost at which Hamlet
arrives, is a disposition, a mood,
to do something… but what to do, is still left undecided, while every word he
utters tends to betray his disguise. |
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The powers of self-deception in the
human mind (13) |
Hamlet before the tragedy (11): an ideal prince |
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The Iago Argument (13):
Hamlet gives too many different
reasons for his inaction for any to be believable: Aboulia:
the truth is that he cannot will. (13) |
THESIS:
Hamlet’s Melancholy
(11): melancholy aligned with a
disposition to idealise
(12) and intellectual genius
(13) |
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Hamlet’s capture
by pirates and escape (IVvii): “the
over-meditative Hamlet, ever at last determined by accident or by a fit of
passion!” |
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Sexual
Taboo (16): Conventional morality forces us to
repress sexual impulses most forcefully. |
Violent shock to his moral being (15):
the sudden ghastly disclosure of his mother's
true nature… |
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From the "Table Talk" (June 15, 1827): Hamlet's character is the prevalence of the abstracting and
generalizing habit over the practical.” |
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Claudius
vs. Gertrude (17): there can be no question as
to which arouses in him the
deeper loathing. |
Hamlet’s
response (16): Hamlet has the
imagination which, for evil as well as good, feels and sees all things in
one. |
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THESIS:
The Oedipus Complex (18): How if, Hamlet had in years gone by bitterly resented
having to share his mother's affection even with his father… |
Melancholy: clinical definition (17): but
not insanity |
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The child learning to love… (22); Repression (22); Possessive traits in the Queen's character…
(23); The child’s attitude towards
the father… (24); Reaction against
Ophelia (25); The inability to act… (26) |
Accounts
for Hamlet’s inaction… ' inaction.'…his
manic phases… (18) … his lethargy… (19)… his own inability to understand… |
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Summary (27) |
Conclusion (19) |
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Dream patterns: ‘decomposition’ and
‘condensation’… |
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Hamlet’s
simulation of madness (33) |
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