The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885) 

by Mark Twain

Chapters One to Eight, pp. 13-58
 

The Title:

"huckleberry"
  • a slang expression: somebody of no consequence 
  • a weed which resists domestication; it can't be transplanted successfully to the city

Twain's Narrative Point of View:

  • first person narrator
  • opening paragraph (13): Huck comments on Twain's reliability; what should we make of Huck's own reliability as a narrator?

Paragraph 1: What is Huck's Situation at the beginning of the action?

- What has 'being sivilised' by the Widow Douglas and Miss Watson been like?
  • table manners, clothes, no smoking, spelling lessons, school, endless lectures on wicked ways and the bad place 
  • the food (14) What's wrong with it?
  • The Widow Douglas on Moses and the Bullrushers (14) What is that bible story about?
  • Miss Watson on The Good Place and the Bad Place (15) Huck's response?
  • What is Huck's attitude toward prayer? (Chapter 3: 23) 
  • What point is Twain making about religion? How can religion help Huck?
  • lonesomeness (16) For whom is Huck lonesome?
  • What is Twain up to?
- How is Jim introduced to us?
  • the hat story (19) How does slave religion make use of the supernatural? Tom's attitude? Huck's? Twain's point? (Slave Religion)
  • the hair ball story (29) How does Jim comfort Huck when Huck tells him of the return of his father? Is his advice good? 
  • first mention of the river

- What's it like being part of Tom Sawyer's gang?

  • hanging out in the cave, being 'highwaymen', not robbers, 'ransoming' captives (even if no one knows what 'ransom' means), playing hookey, hunting for buried treasure, sneakin' smokes, gettin' into scuffles, raiding kindergarten classes; all in 1840's America (no Mexican War, no slavery, no war): readers yearning for the innocence of childhood after the carnage of civil war (Louisa Mae Alcott, Uncle Remus, Winslow Homer)
  • Where does Tom get his ideas for adventures, like the attack against the Spanish Merchants and rich A-rabs? (24-25) (How is Tom like Don Quixote?)
  • Why does Huck find being in Tom's gang finally unsatisfying? (genie's lamp) (26)
  • How will Huck's moral and imaginative self (23) develop differently?

- What ghosts haunt Huck?

    • Huck nearly cries when the kids won't let him into Tom's gang because he has no family worth killing if he betrays their secrets. (20) Who was in his family? 
    • lonesomeness (16) For whom is Huck lonesome?
    • What does he think of himself? When the old widow Douglas describes heaven, Huck figures that they wouldn't want him there, "seeing I was so ignorant, and so kind of low-down and ornery." (23)
    • Literally, he is haunted by a dead body found in river (23-24), supposedly the body of his father

    - Pap: (Twain's representation of the adult world, ie America)

    • a heel print in the snow with a cross on it (27-28) (Huck's first reaction to seeing it?)
    • Why does Pap want Huck back? (reunion) (31)
    • What can be done to protect Huck from him? (33) (anything in Tom's books? Miss Watson's book? Judge Thatcher's law books?) Huck goes to Jim for aid: the hair ball story (29)
    • What comes of Pap's attempt to get off the jug? (33-34)
    • What does Pap do when the Widow takes out a restraining order against him?
    • What can be done about people like him?
    • The nightmare: life with Pap (the saddest thing: what does Huck think of it? What doesn't he realize?)
    • What does Huck plan to do with himself once he has escaped?(38-39)
    • Pap on the nigger and the guv'ment (39) (What is the link between poverty and racism?)
    • the D.T.'s (41)
    - Huck's Escape