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19th
Century Russia
Political Structure: Autocratic &
Bureaucratic Centralism
Social Structure: Feudal – Gentry v
Peasant/Serf (+ Intelligentsia)
Economic Structure: Manorial-Mercantile
III Dealing with the Dilemma – Part 2
Nicholas I 1825-1855 – Conservative
- Decisive Influence: Decembrist
Revolt 1825
- Official Ideology: “Autocracy,
Orthodoxy, Nationality”
- Opposition
Ideologies: Westernizer v Slavophile Reformers
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“Fathers”
- Pushkin 1799-1837
- Gogol 1809-1852
- Belinsky 1811-1848
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Alexander II 1855-1881 – Autocratic Liberal
- Decisive Influence: Crimean
War 1853-1856
- Reformist Policies:
Emancipation, Zemstvos
- Opposition
Ideologies: Liberal v Nihilist v Populist (radicalized)
- Decisive
Influence: 1848
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“Sons”
- Turgenev 1818-1883
- Dostoevsky 1821-1881
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Alexander III 1881-1894 –
Conservative Modernizer
- Decisive Influence: Assassination
of the Tsar Liberator
- Major Changes:
Industrialization
- Opposition Ideologies:
Liberal v Populist v Radical
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“Grandsons”
- Tolstoy 1828-1910
-
Chekhov 1860-1904
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Nicholas II 1894-1917 – Conservative
Modernizer →Disingenuous Liberal
- Decisive Influences:
Witte, Stolypin
- Major Changes:
Industrialization & Agricultural Reform
- 1905 Revolution
- World War
I
- Opposition Ideologies: Liberal, Peasant
Socialist & Marxist
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