1865-1900

• US Industrial Revolution: Manufacturing, Railroads, Meat Packing
  
• Population Boom in Northern Cities: European Immigrant Waves (Irish, German, Greek, Italian)
• Immigrant Clusters in city centers include a trickle of blacks from the South
  
• Heterogeneous Neighborhoods (No Mass Transit = Walking Cities)
• Upward Mobility for European Immigrants (usually takes a generation)
• Sharecropping and Segregation in the South: (Cotton: High Demand for Unskilled Labor)

1910-1960

• Industrialized Northern Cities (Pull of Jobs)
• Mechanization of Cotton Picking (Push)
• Great Migration: 1.5-2 million (WWI to Depression)
• 2nd Great Migration: 4-6 million (post-WWII)
• Segregated, Over Crowded Housing, yet Vertical Integration:
• African-American Cultural Heyday: Jazz, Harlem Renaissance, Chicago Blues, Penn. Ave. in Baltimore
• Construction of Interestate Highway System
• Federal Housing Administration Loans
• White Flight from the City to the Suburbs

1950-1970

• Continued US Manufacturing Boom
  
• Civil Rights Movement: Ending Segregation; Gaining Political Franchise
• Block Busting and Redlining
• "War on Poverty" : Why did it fail?
  
• Vietnam/Riots/Assassinations/ Moynihan Report:
  
• Collapse of Liberal Consensus
• White Flight to the Suburbs
• Middle Class Black Flight to the Suburbs
• Nixon and Welfare
  

1970-2010

• Economic Globalization: Shipping, Highways, Automation, Fiber-optic Cable
  
• Decline of Big Labor
  
• Collapse of Blue Collar Job Base
• Decline of Urban Tax Base: Schools, Police, Social Service, Infrastructure
• Service Economy/ Drug Trade and Crack Cocaine
  
• The War on Drugs and Rise of Mass Incarceration
• The Modern Ghetto: Concentrated Poverty
• Discrimination in Housing and Job Market
• Education: Seperate and Unequal Fifty Years after Brown v. Board of Education
• Health Care: Sick and Poor (prior to Obamacare)
• Prison Industry: the remaining anti-poverty program
• Working Poor: Employment in McJobs: mimimum wage vs. living wage