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The Industrial Revolution
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During
the next week you will be working together to create a Class PowerPoint
Presentation about the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the social
and political structure of England during the 19th century. The
presentation must be held together by a clear thesis statement which
answers the following overall question:
The Enlightenment
philosophes had argued that the application of science and reason would
lead to a better society for all. Did the extraordinary changes wrought by
the Industrial Revolution represent progress? (Decide as a group whether
your definition of progress will be grounded in a classical liberal,
radical liberal or socialist political philosophy.)
Presentation Ground Rules
I. Thesis
II. Origins of the Industrial Revolution (2) (Yanbo L. Brett B.)
III. What Happened During the Industrial Revolution?
A. Industrial Technology
(3) (Robby H., Peter D., George B.)
B. The Social Effects of Industry (5)
(Jordan B., Charles C., Max B., Willy B., Matt G.)
1.
The Lives of Workers
2.
Manchester: The First
Industrial City: Political Activism to 1850
3.
Victorian London: Political
Activism to 1880
IV. Cultural Responses (3) (Ryan S., C.J.,
Bob W.)
A. Literary
1.
The Economics of Authorship
2.
Social Protest in Literature
3.
Mass Production and Popular Culture
B. Realism in Art
V. Conclusion
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You will be given a paragraph test on this unit at the end of next week:
here are the questions:
Test Questions:
- What were
the causes of the Industrial Revolution in England?
- How did
innovations in technology and business practice revolutionize the
production and marketing of goods? How were these innovations
financed?
- What
impact did the new economy have on the lives (job security, work
conditions, housing, health) of English
workers? Did Adam Smith's "invisible hand" create a just
society?
- How did
England avoid a workers' revolution? What did workers do to exert
pressure on the factory owners and the government in order that have
their grievances heard? What political and legislative changes
resulted from this debate?
- How was
the ideological debate about the problem of urban poverty reflected in
the popular culture of late 19thc.
England?
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Overview:
I. Origins of the Industrial Revolution
What were the causes of the Industrial Revolution in
England?
II.
What Happened During the Industrial Revolution?
A. Industrial Technology
How did innovations in technology and business practice
revolutionize the production and marketing of goods? How were these
innovations financed?
The
Workshop of the World (BBC History)
Victorian
Technology (BBC History)
The Industrial Revolution (Outline)
Brooklyn College
Albert
Brunel: The Practical Prophet of Technological Innovation (BBC
History)
1. Coal Mining and Textiles
The
Textile Industry Before Industrialization (Open Door)
Thomas Newcomen, The Newcomen
Engine (Wikipedia) (animation)
James Watt,
The Steam Engine
(Wikipedia) (animation)
History
of Coal Mining in England (Wikipedia)
British History:
The Textile Industry (Spartacus)
James
Hargreaves (c.1720-1778) The Cotton-Spinning Jenny
Richard Guest: Compendious
History of the Cotton Manufacture, 1823, excerpts
John Kay, The Flying Shuttle
Richard
Arkwright, Spinning
Jenny and the Spinning
Frame (Wikipedia)
William Radcliffe, Origin
of. Power Loom Weaving, 1828, excerpts
The
Steam Engine (History) (U. Of Rochester)
The
Spinning Mill (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Beam Engine (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Winding Gear (Animation) (BBC History)
2. Iron Ore
The
Blast Furnace (Animation) (BBC History)
Coke
Blast Furnace (Wikipedia)
3. Bridges
The
Iron Bridge (BBC History)
The
Construction of the Iron Bridge (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Beam Engine (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Winding Gear (Animation) (BBC History)
4. Railroads
The Evolution of the Locomotive: Richard
Trevithick and George
Stephenson (Spartacus)
(Wikipedia) (BBC
History)
5. Steam Ships
Isambard
Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859) The Great Western
The
Paddle Steamer (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Steam Ship Great Britain (Scientific American Vol. 1 (1845), No.
1, p 2.)
6. Capital
Capitalism
(Victorian Web)
Victorian
Economics (Overview) (Victorian Web)
Commercial
Origins of the Industrial Revolution (Halsall)
Capital
from Slave Trade Profits (The Williams Thesis)
Was
Slavery the Engine of Economic Growth? (Digital History)
Liverpool and the
Slave Trade (PBS)
"The
introduction of machines into the Manchester cotton industry, described by
James Ogden, 1783" English Historical Documents 1714-1783.
Horn, D. B. and Mary Ransome, eds..
London: Routledge, 1957.
Capital and Labor: Capital 1700-1750 and the Growth of Wealth (1923)
(Lord)
Capital and
Labor: The Employment of Capital (1923) (Lord)
Capital and
Labor: Banking, 1750 (1923) (Lord)
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B. The Social Effects of Industry
What
impact did the new economy have on the lives (job security, work
conditions, housing, health) of English workers? Did Adam Smith's
"invisible hand" create a just society?
How did England avoid a workers' revolution?
What did workers do to exert pressure on the factory owners and the
government in order that have their grievances heard? What political and
legislative changes resulted from this debate?
Urbanization
and Population Growth (The History Center)
Victorian
Social History: An Overview (Victorian Web)
Victorian
Political History: An Overview (Victorian Web)
The
Workshop of the World (BBC History)
All
Change in the Victorian Age (BBC History)
Beneath
the Surface: A Country of Two Nations (BBC History)
Social
Class (Victorian Web)
1.
The Lives of Workers
Life of the
Industrial Worker in 19th-Century England (Victorian Web)
The Physical
Deterioration of the Textile Workers (Victorian Web)
Leeds Woolen
Workers' Petition, 1786 Attacking the effects of machinery.
Leeds Cloth
Merchants' Letter, 1791 Defending machinery.
Observations
on the Loss of Woollen Spinning, 1794,
excerpts
Child
Labor in Cotton Factories 1807 (Peel Web)
Child Labor in the 19th Century (Spartacus)
Child Labor
(Victorian Web)
Working
Conditions (Open Door)
Urban
Conditions (Open Door)
Edwin Chadwick (1803-1890): Report on
Sanitary Conditions, 1842
Women
Miners in the English Coal Pits, 1842
Harret Robinson: Lowell Mill
Girls, 1834-1848
Michael Faraday: Observations
on the Filth of the Thames, 1855
2.
Manchester: The First Industrial City: Political Activism to 1850
The History
of Manchester at the Spartacus Encyclopedia of British History
Political Responses to 1850:
The Classical Liberal Position:
Andrew Ure (1778-1857): The Philosophy of
the Manufacturers, 1835, excerpts
James Kay-Shuttleworth, 1832, The
Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Class in Manchester in 1832
Thomas
Robert Malthus (Victorian Web)
Malthus'
"Essay on Population" (Victorian Web)
Adam Smith's
Laissez-Faire Policies (Victorian Web)
The Socialist Position:
Friedrich Engels: Industrial
Manchester, 1844, excerpts from The Condition of the Working-Class
in England in 1844.
Radical Liberal Reform to 1832:
Corn Laws
(Victorian Web)
The Anti-Corn Law
League (Peel Web)
The Peterloo Massacre, 1819
The Peterloo Massacre (Spartacus)
The Luddites
(Spartacus)
1831 Reform
Riots (Spartacus)
Terms of the
1832 Reform Act (Victorian Web)
The 1832 Reform
Act (Peel Web)
The Reform Acts of
1832, 1867 and 1884 (Victorian Web)
Child Labor
(Victorian Web)
The Anti-Poor
Law Movement (Victorian Web)
Chartism or The
Chartist Movement (Victorian Web)
The Workhouse in 18th and 19th c.
England
Changing
attitudes towards poverty after 1815 (Victorian Web)
Chartism or The Chartist
Movement (Victorian Web)
Chartism
(Spartacus)
Chartism (Peel
Web)
The Trade Union
Movement (Spartacus)
3.
Victorian London: Political Activism to 1880
A Brief History of
London (Victorian Web)
Victorian
London - one
page description of the Industrial city in Victorian England
Victorian
Occupations -- Life and Labor in the Victorian Period: An Overview
(Victorian Web)
Charles Booth's Descriptive Map of
London (1889)
Monument and Dust: The
Culture of Victorian London (UVA)
London
Mortality Statistics (UVA)
London Population Statistics (UVA)
Political Responses to 1880:
The Reform Acts of
1832, 1867 and 1884 (Victorian Web)
The Liberal Ideal:
The Crystal
Palace International Exhibition of 1851 (Victorian Web)
Models of the Crystal Palace (UVA)
Laissez-faire
and the Victorians (BBC History)
The
Rise of the Victorian Middle Class (BBC History)
The Reality Beneath the Surface:
Beneath
the Surface: A Country of Two Nations (BBC History)
Michael
Faraday: Observations
on the Filth of the Thames, 1855
Sanitary
Condition of London and its Suburbs Palmer's Full Text Online 23
Aug. 1859 (History Learning Center)
London: A Pilgrimage
by Dore and Jerrold (Spartacus) (Victorian Net) (Gilman ppt.)
London
Low-life - Beggars and Cheats- excerpts from Those That
Will Not Work (1862) Henry Mayhew
London's
'Great Stink' and Victorian Urban Planning (BBC History)
Dickens's
London - The East End
Radical Liberal Reform to1884:
Victorian
Legislation: A Timeline (Victorian Web)
Terms of the
1832 Reform Act (Victorian Web)
The Reform Acts of
1832, 1867 and 1884 (Victorian Web)
Child Labor
(Victorian Web)
The Anti-Poor
Law Movement (Victorian Web)
Chartism or The
Chartist Movement (Victorian Web)
Chartism
(Spartacus)
Chartism (Peel
Web)
The Trade Union
Movement (Spartacus)
Revolutionary Currents:
Marx and Engels, The
Communist Manifesto (1848)
Bloody Sunday
(1887) (Spartacus)
The London
Dockers' Strike (1888) (Spartacus)
The Matchgirls' Strike (1887) (Spartacus)
The Solution?
British
Empire: An Introduction (Victorian Web)
Why did the
British Empire expand so rapidly between 1870 and 1900? (Victorian Web)
Lenin on Imperialism, the Highest Phase of
Capitalism (Sprago
Web)
Fun and Games:
Victorian England Activities
(Public Record Office)
Muck
and Brass (game) (BBC History)
The
Cholera Game (Public Record Office)
Victorian
Crime Game (Public Record Office)
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III. Cultural Responses
How was the ideological debate about the problem
of urban poverty reflected in the popular culture of late 19th c.
England?
A. Literary
Victorian Web: Literature
Overview
Literary Definition
of Realism (Victorian Web)
The
Industrial Revolution (BBC Arts)
1. Social Protest in Literature:
·
Elizabeth
Gaskell, from Mary
Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life
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Charles
Dickens, from Hard Times, chapter 5 "The Key Note"; Charles Dickens:
Hard Times,
Chapter 2
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Charles
Dickens, Bleak
House: The Novel as Source Material
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Thomas Carlyle:
Signs of the
Times: The "Mechanical Age"
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George
Eliot, from Middlemarch. (History
Learning Center)
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Anthony
Trollope, Michael
Armstrong: Factory Boy
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Emile
Zola (1840-1902): Germinal,
1885, extracts
2. The Economics of Authorship (Victorian
Web)
·
“Breaking
News: Renaissance Journalism and the Birth of the Newspaper” (NY Times 1-23-09)
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Charles
Dickens' Writings: Economic Contexts and Themes
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How Did Nineteenth-Century British and American Authors Get
Paid?
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Dickens Wrote
for Money!
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Revolutionary
Pickwick: Modern Authorship, Mass Audience, and the Victorian
Publishing Industry
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Publishing in Parts,
Periodicals and Dickens' Working Methods
3. Mass Production and Popular Culture:
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Popular
Culture in Victorian England (History Learning Center)
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Beneath
the Surface: Social Reports as Primary Sources (BBC History)
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Sex, Scandal, and the
Novel (Victorian Web)
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Sex,
Drugs and Music Hall (BBC History)
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Opium and Empire
in Victorian Britain (The Imperial Archive)
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Jack the Ripper Casebook (Ryder and
Piper)
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Crime
and Punishment in Victorian England (History Learning Center)
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The
Detective Novel Detective
Novels: Whodunits and Thrillers
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The
Sensation Novel Introduction The Victorian
Custody Novel: Deceived and Deserted
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Victorian Sensationalism:
Casebook Literature
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B. Art
Styles in the Industrial 19th Century
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Images
of the Industrial Revolution in England
Realism in Art: Realism (Artcyclopedia); Literary Definition
of Realism (Victorian Web)
Conservatism:
J.M.W.
Turner,
Official Art: Ernest
Meissonier and Hans von Marees, William Powell Frith
Liberalism:
·
Darby,
Iron
Bridge at Coalbrookdale (1779)
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Manchester
1851
·
The Creation of the
Metropolis: The
Great Exhibition of 1851; (Victorian
Web)
·
Frith,
The
Railway Station (1862) (essay)
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Art, Technology and
Industry (History of Art)
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Furnishings and Fashions
(History of Art)
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Art and Printing,
Illustrated Magazines, Posters (History of Art)
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Early
Photography (History of Art)
Radical
Liberalism:
·
Gustave Dore and Blanchard Jerrold, London:
A Pilgrimage (1872); (Spartacus) (UVA) (Gilman
ppt.)
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Fildes, Houseless and
Hungry, The Graphic
(12th April, 1869)
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Pierdon, "St.
Giles" The Rookeries of London.(1850)
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(Early
Photography) Jacob Riis, How the Other
Half Lives (1888)
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Renoir,
The
Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881)
Socialism:
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Social
Criticism in the Arts: Realism
in France: Millet and Daumier
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Daumier, The Uprising, The Laundress, The
Third-class Carriage, In the Omnibus, Passersby; So You were Hungry?
That's no excuse!, Politicians
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Millet, The
Gleaners ; The Walk to Work, Shepherdess with her flock
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