|
The Industrial Revolution
During the next week you will
be working together to create a class presentation about the
impact of the Industrial Revolution on the social and political
structure of England during the 19th century. The presentation must be
held together by a clear thesis statement which answers the following
overall question:
The Enlightenment
philosophes had argued that the application of science and reason would
lead to a better society for all. Did the extraordinary changes wrought
by the Industrial Revolution represent progress? If so, how was progress achieved? (Decide as a group
whether your definition of progress will The
Industrial Revolution, which transformed the global economy during the
18th and 19th centuries, began in England because the government's
classical liberal policies enabled capital to be invested in innovative
scientific advances which first revolutionized agricultural production
and then led to the invention of the steam engine. Investors then
financed new applications of steam power that revolutionized the
production and transportation of goods at low prices to markets around
the world. The Industrial Revolution enabled England to experience
rapid growth in the standard of living for everyone and, therefore,
represented social progress. Presentation Guidelines
I. Origins of
the Industrial Revolution (Ian, R.J.)
What were the causes of the Industrial
Revolution in England?
II.
Industrial Technology (Max, Andrew) How did innovations in technology and
business practice revolutionize the production and marketing of goods?
How were these innovations financed?
III. The Lives of Workers (Tem, James)
What impact did the new economy have on
the lives (job security, work conditions, housing, health) of English workers? Did
Adam Smith's "invisible hand" create a just society?
IV. Political Reforms (Zach, Colby)
How did England avoid a workers'
revolution? What did workers do to exert pressure on the factory owners
and the government in order that have their grievances heard? What
political and legislative changes resulted from this debate?
V. Cultural Responses (Benson, Jermaine)
How was the ideological debate about the
problem of urban poverty reflected in the popular culture of late 19thc. England?
Paragraph Test:
You will be given a paragraph test on this unit at the
end of next week: here are the questions:
Test Questions:
- What were the causes of the Industrial
Revolution in England?
- How did innovations in technology and
business practice revolutionize the production and marketing of goods?
How were these innovations financed?
- What impact did the new economy have on
the lives (job security, work conditions, housing, health) of English workers? Did
Adam Smith's "invisible hand" create a just society?
- How did England avoid a workers'
revolution? What did workers do to exert pressure on the factory owners
and the government in order that have their grievances heard? What
political and legislative changes resulted from this debate?
- How was the ideological debate about the
problem of urban poverty reflected in the popular culture of late 19thc. England?
I.
Origins of the Industrial Revolution
What were the causes of
the Industrial Revolution in England?
Overview:
History
of the Industrial Revolution (History World)
The Workshop of the World (BBC History)
Mr. Woodall's Notes (Open Door)
The
Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England (Kreis Lecture)
The Day the World Took Off (Cambridge)
A. The Agricultural Revolution of the 17th-18th
Centuries
The
Agricultural Revolution in England (BBC History)
The
Agricultural Revolution (Open Door)
European
Farming from the Middle Ages to 1800 (History Link)
The Potato Revolution
Accounts
of the "Potato Revolution" 1695 - 1845
Jethro Tull
(1674-1741)
Field Rotation
Charles
"Turnip" Townshend (1674-1738)
Animal Breeding
Robert
Bakewell
(1725-1795)
Enclosure
Enclosure Movement
B. Population Growth
A History Of English Population
Malthus' "Essay on Population" 1798, (analysis)
C. The Power Crisis
The Search for New Power Sources
(Open Door)
An Early Energy Crisis and Its Consequences (Derkeiler.com)
D. Capital
Eric Hobsbawm on "Why England?"
Why the industrial revolution was British: commerce, induced invention, and the scientific revolution (R.C. Allen)
Mr. Woodall's Notes (Open Door)
Capital (Mantagna)
Adam Smith's Laissez-Faire Policies (Victorian Web)
The Development of Banking in the Industrial Revolution (Thought, Inc.) Capital
from Slave Trade Profits (The Williams Thesis)
Was
Slavery the Engine of Economic Growth? (Digital History)
Liverpool
and the Slave Trade (PBS)
II. Industrial Technology?
How did innovations in technology and
business practice revolutionize the production and marketing of goods?
How were these innovations financed? The
Workshop of the World (BBC History)
Victorian
Technology (BBC History)
Chronology
of the Development of Steam Power (Open Door) Albert
Brunel: The Practical Prophet of Technological Innovation
(BBC History)
A. Coal Mining and Textiles
The Textile Industry Before
Industrialization (Open Door)
Thomas Newcomen, (1664-1729)
The
Newcomen Engine (Wikipedia)
(animation)
James
Hargreaves (c.1720-1778) The Cotton-Spinning Jenny (animation)
John
Kay, (1704- 1779) The
Flying Shuttle (video)
James
Watt, (1736-1819) The
Improved Steam Engine (Wikipedia) (animation)
Matthew Boulton, (1728-1809) financier of Watt's Steam Engine
Richard
Arkwright, (1732-1792) the Spinning
Jenny and the Spinning
Frame (Wikipedia) (animation) (History Channel Video)
History
of Coal Mining in England (Wikipedia)
British
History: The Textile Industry (Spartacus)
The
Spinning Mill (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Beam Engine (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Winding Gear (Animation) (BBC History)
B. Iron Ore
The
Blast Furnace (Animation) (BBC History)
Coke
Blast Furnace (Wikipedia)
C. Bridges
The
Iron Bridge (BBC History)
The
Construction of the Iron Bridge (Animation) (BBC
History)
The
Beam Engine (Animation) (BBC History)
The
Winding Gear (Animation) (BBC History)
D. Railroads
The Evolution of the
Locomotive: Richard
Trevithick (1771-1833) and George
Stephenson (Spartacus) (Animation)
(Wikipedia)
(BBC
History)
E. Steam Ships
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
(1806-1859) The Great Western
The
Paddle Steamer (Animation) (BBC History)
F. Capital
Capitalism
(Victorian Web)
Commercial
Origins of the Industrial Revolution (Halsall)
Capital (Mantagna)
Capitalism
(Victorian Web) Matthew Boulton, (1728-1809) financier of Watt's Steam Engine
Victorian
Economics (Overview) (Victorian Web)
Capital
from Slave Trade Profits (The Williams Thesis)
Was
Slavery the Engine of Economic Growth? (Digital History)
Liverpool
and the Slave Trade (PBS)
III. The Lives of
Workers
What impact did the new economy have on the lives (job security, work
conditions, housing, health)
of English workers? Did Adam Smith's "invisible hand" create a just
society?
Overview:
Modern World History: The Industrial Revolution
Is industrialization good for the economy? (Investopedia)
Victorian
Social History: An Overview (Victorian Web)
Victorian
Political History: An Overview (Victorian Web)
The
Workshop of the World (BBC History)
All
Change in the Victorian Age (BBC History)
Beneath
the Surface: A Country of Two Nations (BBC History)
Social
Class (Victorian Web)
2. Manchester: The
First Industrial City:
Industrial
Manchester in the Nineteenth Century
The History of Manchester (Spartacus)
Griffin, Manchester in the 19th Century (British Museum) Leeds
Woolen Workers' Petition, 1786 Attacking the effects of
machinery.
Leeds
Cloth Merchants' Letter, 1791 Defending machinery.
Life
of the Industrial Worker in 19th-Century England (Victorian
Web)
The
Physical Deterioration of the Textile Workers (Victorian
Web)
Observations
on the Loss of Woollen
Spinning, 1794, excerpts
Child
Labor in Cotton Factories 1807 (Peel Web)
Child Labor in the 19th Century (Spartacus)
Child
Labor (Victorian Web)
Women
and children in coal mines (Studymore)
Working
Conditions (Open Door)
Urban
Conditions (Open Door)
Chadwick, Report
on Sanitary Conditions, 1842
Women
Miners in the English Coal Pits, 1842
Testimony
Gathered By the Ashley Mines Commission (1842)
Robinson, Lowell
Mill Girls, 1834-1848
Faraday, Observations
on the Filth of the Thames, 1855
IV. Political Reforms How did England avoid a workers'
revolution? What did workers do to exert pressure on the factory owners
and the government in order that have their grievances heard? What
political and legislative changes resulted from this debate? A. Political Reform to 1850: Modern World History: The Industrial Revolution
The Classical
Liberal Position:
John Aikin on the Benefits and Costs of the Lancanshire Textile Factories, 1795 The Combination Act of 1800 Ure, excerpts from The
Philosophy of the Manufacturers (1835)
Andrew Ure on the Philosophy of the Factory System, 1835
Nassau Senior's opposition to Factory Regulation, 1837 G. R. Porter on the Progress of the Nation in Manufacturing and the Utility of the Free Exportation of Machinery, 1836
Kay-Shuttleworth,
excerpts from The
Moral and Physical Condition of the Working Class in Manchester
(1832) (full
text)
Thomas
Robert Malthus (Victorian Web)
Malthus'
"Essay on Population" (Victorian Web)
Adam
Smith's Laissez-Faire Policies (Victorian Web)
A
Factory Building
in Manchester
Industrial
Manchester from
Kersal Moor (Painting by William Wylde, 1851)
The
Iron
Bridge
at Coalbrookdale The Socialist
Position:
Friedrich Engels: Industrial
Manchester, 1844, excerpts from The
Condition of the Working-Class in England in 1844.
Robert Owen on the Benefits of the Enlightened Management of Workers, 1813
Robert Owen on the social and moral implications of the factory system, 1815
Frederick Engels on the Domestic Textile Industry and Its Industrialization, 1845
John Francis Bray, Labour's Wrongs and Labour's Remedy, 1839
Marx and
Engels, "Communist Manifesto"
(1848) Eric Hobsbawm on "Why England?" Notes from Chapters 1 and 2 of Industry and Empire (1966)
Radical Liberal
Reform to 1850:
Overview: The
Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884 (Victorian Web)
Victorian
Legislation: A Timeline (Victorian Web)
Resolutions of the Select Committee of the House of Commons on the Combination Laws, 21 May 1824 Debate in the House of Commons on the Combination Laws, 29 March 1825 T. B. Macaulay, Robert Southey's Colloquies on Society, 1830 T.B. Macaulay, "Reform
that you may preserve" 2 March 1831 T. B. Macaulay's support of Factory Regulation, 1846 The Standard of Living Debate by Gerard M. Koot (pdf) The Corn Laws and The Perterloo Massacre Changing
attitudes towards poverty after 1815 (Victorian Web)
Corn
Laws (Victorian Web)
The
Peterloo Massacre
(1819)
The
Peterloo Massacre
(Spartacus)
Child Labor (Victorian Web) An article by Lord Ashley
Village
life in the 1830s (Web of English History)
The
Anti-Corn Law League (Peel Web) The Luddites:
The
Luddites (Spartacus)
A Luddite Manifesto in Nottinghamshire, 1812
Report of Luddite activity in Yorkshire, 1812
Information of a Barnsley Weaver on the Luddites in the West Riding, 1812
Meis, Rage Against the Machine 200 years ago, the Luddites tried to stop technological progress
The First Reform Laws 1831
Reform Riots (Spartacus)
The
Swing Riots (1830)
The Great
Reform Act (In Our Time)
Taking
Liberties - 1832 Reform Act The
1832 Reform Act (topic page); Parliamentary Reform Act
British
Parliamentary Reform in the 19th Century
Terms
of the 1832 Reform Act (Victorian Web)
The
1832 Reform Act (Peel Web)
The Poor Laws and The Workhouses
The
Poor Law Amendment Act (Peel Web)
Conditions
in the Workhouse
The Workhouse in 18th
and 19th c. England
The
Workhouse as a deterrent
Workhouse rules
The Anti-Poor
Law Movement (Victorian Web)
The Chartist Movement
Chartism
or The Chartist Movement (Victorian Web)
Chartism in the House of Commons: Duncombe's speech introducing the Charter, 2 May 1842 The
People's Charter of 1838
Chartism
(Spartacus)
Chartism
(Peel Web)
Conditions
in Manchester 1845 (Web of English History)
Macaulay,
“Opposition
to universal suffrage”
3 May 1842. Debate on the Charter: Macaulay's speech, 5 May 1842
Repeal of the Corn Law 1846
Ten
Hours Act of 1847
The Trade
Union Movement (Spartacus)
B. Political Reform to 1880
A
Brief History of London (Victorian Web)
The
Victorian Dictionary (Exploring Victorian London)
Victorian
Occupations -- Life and Labor in the Victorian Period: An Overview
(Victorian Web)
Charles
Booth's Descriptive Map of London (1889)
Monument
and Dust: The Culture of Victorian London (UVA)
London Mortality Statistics
(UVA)
London Population Statistics
(UVA)
Political
Responses to 1880:
The
Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884 (Victorian Web)
Victorian
Legislation: A Timeline (Victorian Web)
The Liberal Ideal:
The
Crystal Palace International Exhibition of 1851 (Victorian
Web)
Models of the Crystal Palace (UVA)
Laissez-faire
and the Victorians (BBC History)
The
Rise of the Victorian Middle Class (BBC History)
Smiles,
Self-Help
(1859) (See Chapter One); Thrift
(1875)
The Reality Beneath
the Surface:
Beneath
the Surface: A Country of Two Nations (BBC History)
Dickens's
London
Dickens'
London Map Henry Mayhew and the Cholera Epidemic in London in 1832 (Science Museum) Chadwick's
Report on the Sanitary Conditions in Great Britain (1843)
Michael
Faraday: Observations
on the Filth of the Thames, (1855)
The
Broad Street Pump Cholera Epidemic
London:
A Pilgrimage by Dore and Jerrold (Spartacus) (Victorian Net) (Gilman ppt.)
Mayhew,
from London Labour and the London Poor
(intro) (1862); "Prostitution
in Victorian London" (1862); 'Those That Will Not Work,'
see Spartacus
and complete text: volume 1,
volume 2,
volume 3,
volume 4
London
Low-life - Beggars and Cheats- excerpts from Those
That Will Not Work (1862)
London's
'Great Stink' and Victorian Urban Planning (BBC
History) Cholera and the Thames
Dickens's
London
Booth, Inquiry
into the life and labour of the people in London
(1886) (Poverty
Maps of London)
Radical Liberal
Reform to 1884:
Victorian
Legislation: A Timeline (Victorian Web)
Terms
of the 1832 Reform Act (Victorian Web)
The
Reform Acts of 1832, 1867 and 1884 (Victorian Web)
Victorian
Legislation: A Timeline (Victorian Web)
The
Amalgamated Society of Engineers (1851)
The
1867 Reform Act
1871 Trade Union Act
The
1884 Reform Act
The
London Dock Strike of 1889
The
Bitter Cry of Outcast London: an inquiry into the condition of the
abject poor (1883)
Charlotte Mew's walk in Clerkenwell
The
Trade Union Movement (Spartacus)
History of Reform in England (Studymore) Social Science and the 1834 Poor Law (Studymore)
Revolutionary
Currents:
Marx
and Engels, The
Communist Manifesto (1848)
Bloody
Sunday (1887) (Spartacus)
The
London Dockers' Strike (1888) (Spartacus)
The
Matchgirls' Strike
(1887) (Spartacus)
The Solution?
British
Empire: An Introduction (Victorian Web)
Why
did the British Empire expand so rapidly between 1870 and 1900?
(Victorian Web)
Lenin on Imperialism,
the Highest Phase of Capitalism (Sprago
Web)
The
Achievement of Liberal Reform (1906-1916)
IV.
Cultural Responses
How was the
ideological debate about the problem of urban poverty reflected in the
popular culture of late 19th c. England?
A. Literary
Victorian
Web: Literature Overview
Literary
Definition of Realism (Victorian
Web)
1. Social Protest in Literature:
John Jones, "The Cotton Mill," 1821 (A pro-factory poem) Charles Babbage on Machinery and Employment, 1846 (On the economic benefits of factories) Dickens Video (School of Life) Poets and the Industrial Revolution How contemporary Romantic poets saw the Industrial Revolution. Ernest Jones, "The Factory Town," 1847 Elizabeth
Gaskell, from Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life
Charles Dickens, from Hard Times, chapter 5 "The Key Note";
Charles Dickens:
Hard Times,
Chapter 2
Dickens's London
Dickens' London Map
Charles Dickens, Bleak House: The Novel
as Source Material
London
1865 - The Dickens Project's Our Mutual Friend
Site
A
Description of Coketown from Charles Dickens' Hard Times
The
Two Nations, from Benjamin Disraeli's Sybil
Thomas Carlyle: Signs of the Times: The "Mechanical Age"
A Village Workhouse in 1830
from George Eliot, Scenes
of Clerical Life: "Amos Barton" Chapter 2 (1857) Michael Sadler, The Factory Girl's Last Day. 1832 Frances Trollope's Novel about a Factory Boy, 1840
Anthony Trollope, Michael Armstrong: Factory Boy
Emile Zola, Germinal,
1885, extracts
2. The Economics of Authorship (Victorian Web)
“Breaking
News: Renaissance Journalism and the Birth of the Newspaper”
(NY Times 1-23-09)
Charles
Dickens' Writings: Economic Contexts and Themes
How Did Nineteenth-Century British and
American Authors Get Paid?
Dickens
Wrote for Money!
Revolutionary
Pickwick: Modern Authorship, Mass Audience,
and the Victorian Publishing Industry
Publishing
in Parts, Periodicals and Dickens' Working Methods
3. Mass Production and
Popular Culture:
Beneath
the Surface: Social Reports as Primary Sources (BBC
History)
Sex,
Drugs and Music Hall (BBC History)
Jack the Ripper
Casebook (Ryder and Piper) Penny Dreadfuls, Juvenile Crime, and Late-Victorian Moral Panic (Mimi Matthews) Cheap and nasty: the horrid legacy of the penny dreadful (Guardian)
Victorian
Detective Fiction (An Introduction) The Prince of Sleuths: the Origin of Detective Fiction (Guardian) Early Detective Fiction (Pinterest)
Victorian Drug Use (Victorian Web) Opium in Victorian England (Historic UK) Opium and the Expansion of Trade (British Library)
B. Art Styles in the
Industrial 19th Century
Images
of the Industrial Revolution in England
Realism in
Art:
Realism
(Smarthistory)
Realism
(Artcyclopedia)
Literary
Definition of Realism (Victorian
Web)
Courbet, The
Stonebreakers (1849)
Manet, Olympia (1865)
Degas, The
Dance Class (1874)
Conservatism:
J.M.W.
Turner, The
"Fighting Temeraire"
tugged to her Last Berth to be broken up (1838)
Rain, Steam
and Speed -The Great North-Western Railway (1844)
Official
Art: Ernest Meissonier and Hans von Marees,
William Powell Frith
Gérôme, Pygmalion
and Galatea 1890
Classical Liberalism:
Darby,
Iron
Bridge at Coalbrookdale
(1779)
Cruickshank,
The
British Beehive (1867)
Redgrave,
The
Sempstress
1846 (Commentary)
Tissot, London
Visitors 1874
Manchester
1851
The Great Exhibition
- a wonder of the Victorian world (BBC
Radio)
The Creation
of the Metropolis: The
Great Exhibition of 1851; (Victorian
Web)
Frith,
The
Railway Station (1862)
Art,
Technology and Industry (History of Art)
Furnishings
and Fashions (History of Art)
Art and
Printing, Illustrated Magazines, Posters (History of Art)
Early
Photography (History of Art)
Radical Liberalism:
Gustave
Dore and Blanchard Jerrold, London: A
Pilgrimage (1872); (Spartacus)
(UVA) (Gilman ppt.)
Fildes, Houseless
and Hungry, The Graphic
(12th April, 1869)
Pierdon, "St.
Giles" The Rookeries of London.(1850)
Jacob Riis, How
the Other Half Lives (1888)
Manet,
Olympia (1865); A
Bar at the Folies Bergeres
(1881-82) (Getty
essay) (About the Folies Bergieres)
Renoir The
Luncheon of the Boating Party (1881)
Degas, Place
de la Concorde or Viscount Lepic
and his Daughters (1875)
Monet, Saint-Lazare Station (1877)
Manet, A
Bar at the Folies-Bergeres
(1881-82); Olympia
(1875)
Socialism:
Social Criticism in the Arts: Realism in
France: Millet and Daumier
Courbet, The
Stonebreakers (1849)
Daumier, The Burden (1853); The Uprising (1860);
The Third ClassCarriage
(1863)
Daumier,
The Uprising, The Laundress, The Third-class
Carriage, In the Omnibus, Passersby; So You were Hungry? That's no
excuse!, Politicians
Millet,
The Gleaners
(1857) ; The Walk to Work, Shepherdess with her flock
|
